UK begins talks to join Asia-Pacific CPTPP trade treaty

The UK is beginning negotiations to join a free trade alliance with Asia-Pacific countries, a key part of its attempts to pivot trade away from Europe after Brexit.

 

 

Britain will hold virtual talks to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), strengthening trade links with the 11 countries in the group, which represent a market of 500 million people.

 

 

The existing members of the trade alliance are Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam.

 

 

The UK government has said a deal with the group would open new markets for Britain’s service industries, while lowering tariffs on exports of goods such as cars and whisky.

 

 

British exports to the 11 members of the CPTPP will increase by 65% to £37bn by 2030, according to government estimates. It said UK trade with CPTPP member countries grew by 8% annually between 2016 and 2019.

 

 

“This part of the world is where Britain’s greatest opportunities lie. We left the EU with the promise of deepening links with old allies and fast-growing consumer markets beyond Europe,” the trade minister, Liz Truss, said. “It is a glittering post-Brexit prize that I want us to seize.”

 

 

Under the overarching CPTPP treaty, the vast majority of barriers to trade including tariffs and quotas are removed, and are only retained in a few very sensitive areas, for example offering protection to Canada’s dairy industry and allowing Japan to keep tariffs on rice.

 

 

However, unlike the EU, the alliance does not have wider political goals such as integration or the creation of a single market or customs union.

 

 

Britain has already reached a trade agreement with the CPTPP member Australia, the first new trade deal with another country after Brexit.

 

 

However, the deal has faced criticism, including from Britain’s farmers, who are concerned that it will allow a flood of cheaper and lower-quality meat imports from huge Australian farms to flow on to the British market, especially once the cap on tariff-free imports expires after 15 years.

 

 

Britain applied to join the CPTPP partnership in February. It is unclear what leverage the UK will have to persuade members to adapt their existing trade agreements to suit British exporters.

 

 

The alliance was created after Donald Trump withdrew the US from the Trans-Pacific Partnership before it could be ratified, leaving the remaining 11 members to amend the agreement, which came into force in 2018.

 

 

 

Source: The Guardian

Entra en vigor acuerdo APPRI sobre inversiones entre México y Hong Kong

La Secretaría de Economía informó que este miércoles entró en vigor el Acuerdo para la Protección y Promoción Recíproca de las Inversiones (APPRI) entre México y Hong Kong.

En general, los APPRIs crean un marco de reglas claras y transparentes que, sobre bases de reciprocidad, protegen jurídicamente los flujos de capital destinados al sector productivo.

 

 

“Entre México y Hong Kong existe una importante relación en materia de inversión que hoy se fortalece aún más”, dijo la Secretaría de Economía en un comunicado de prensa.

 

 

Hong Kong es el 26° inversionista de México a nivel mundial y de 1999 a marzo de 2021, la inversión acumulada de Hong Kong en México sumó 1,180 millones de dólares.

 

“La entrada en vigor del APPRI reafirma el interés de ambas naciones de profundizar las relaciones económicas bilaterales y ampliar el potencial que existe para el intercambio de inversiones entre ambos gobiernos, al brindar la certeza jurídica que garantiza la competencia e incrementa la seguridad jurídica de los inversionistas y las inversiones de ambas partes”, añadió la Secretaría de Economía.

 

Con este APPRI, México amplía a 30 su red de acuerdos internacionales en materia de inversión, sumándose a los APPRIs de México en vigor con Alemania, Argentina, Austria, Bahréin, Belarús, China, Corea, Cuba, Dinamarca, Emiratos Árabes Unidos, Eslovaquia, España, Finlandia, Francia, Grecia, Islandia, Italia, Kuwait, Países Bajos, Portugal, Reino Unido, República Checa, Singapur, Suecia, Suiza, Trinidad y Tobago, Turquía, Unión Económica Belgo-Luxemburguesa y Uruguay.

 

Fuente: El Economista

Biden Tries to Rally G7 Nations to Counter China’s Influence

President Biden urged European nations and Japan on Saturday to counter China’s growing economic and security influence by offering developing nations hundreds of billions in financing as an alternative to relying on Beijing for new roads, railways, ports and communications networks.

 

 

It was the first time the world’s richest nations had discussed organizing a direct alternative to China’s Belt-and-Road Initiative, President Xi Jinping’s overseas lending and investment push, which has now spread across Africa, Latin America and into Europe itself. But the White House cited no financial commitments, and there is sharp disagreement among the United States and its allies about how to respond to China’s rising power.

 

 

Mr. Biden has made challenging a rising China and a disruptive Russia the centerpiece of a foreign policy designed to build up democracies around the world as a bulwark against spreading authoritarianism. Beijing, for its part, has pointed to the poor U.S. response to the pandemic and divisive American politics — particularly the Jan. 6 riot at the Capitol — as signs that democracy is failing.

 

 

In size and ambition, the Chinese development effort far surpasses the Marshall Plan, the United States’ program to rebuild Europe after World War II. At the Group of 7 summit meeting, discussions on Saturday about how to counter it reflected the debate within the West about whether to regard China as a partner, competitor, adversary or outright security threat.

 

 

It is far from clear that the wealthy democracies will be able to muster a comprehensive response.

 

 

The plan described by the White House appeared to stitch together existing projects in the United States, Europe and Japan, along with an encouragement of private financing. A fact sheet distributed to reporters gave it a name, “Build Back Better for the World,” with roots in Mr. Biden’s campaign theme — shortened to B3W, a play on China’s BRI.

 

 

It emphasizes the environment, anti-corruption efforts, the free flow of information and financing terms that would allow developing countries to avoid taking on excessive debt. One of the criticisms of Belt and Road is that it leaves the nations that sign on dependent on China, giving Beijing too much leverage over them.

 

 

It was a sign of the growing concern about pervasive Chinese surveillance that the British hosts of this year’s G7 gathering cut off all internet and Wi-Fi links around the room where the leaders were meeting, leaving them disconnected from the outside world.

 

 

The leaders largely agree that China is using its investment strategy both to bolster its state-owned enterprises and to build a network of commercial ports and, through Huawei, communications systems over which it would exercise significant control. But officials emerging from the meeting said Germany, Italy and the European Union were clearly concerned about risking their huge trade and investment deals with Beijing or accelerating what has increasingly taken on the tones of a new Cold War.

 

 

Mr. Biden used the meeting to advance his argument that the fundamental struggle in the post-pandemic era will be democracies versus autocracies.

 

 

The first test may be whether he can persuade the allies to denounce China’s use of forced labor and, in the words of a senior administration official who briefed reporters, “take concrete actions to ensure that global supply chains are free from the use of forced labor.” It is unclear, American officials said, what kind of language about rejecting goods or investments in such projects would be included in the meeting’s final communiqué, which will be issued on Sunday.

 

 

But the meeting comes just a day after Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken, who is traveling here with Mr. Biden, told his Chinese counterpart in a phone call that the United States would actively oppose “ongoing genocide and ethnic cleansing” against Muslims in Xinjiang, in China’s far western territory, and “the deterioration of democratic norms” in Hong Kong. European leaders have largely avoided that terminology.

 

 

The divisions on how to regard China help explain why the West has until now failed to muster a coordinated response to Belt-and-Road. A recent study by the Council on Foreign Relations described Washington’s own reactions as “scattershot,’’ a mix of modest Congressional adjustments to rules governing the Export-Import Bank to compete with Chinese loans in high technology, and efforts to ban Huawei, China’s telecommunications champion.

 

 

The risk for the American strategy is that dealing with a patchwork of separate programs — and a Western insistence on good environmental and human rights practices — may seem less appealing to developing nations than Beijing’s all-in-one package of financing and new technology.

 

 

“Many BRI countries appreciate the speed at which China can move from planning to construction,’’ said the council report, which was written by a bipartisan group of China experts and former U.S. officials.

 

 

Those countries, it added, also appreciate China’s “willingness to build what host countries want rather than telling them what they should do, and the ease of dealing with a single group of builders, financiers and government officials.”

 

 

Still, Mr. Biden senses an opening, as European nations have begun to understand the risks of dependency on Chinese supply chains, and have watched China’s reach extend into their own backyards.

 

 

 

Britain, which once pursued arguably the most China-friendly policy in Europe, has swung firmly behind the American hard line, particularly on Huawei, which the U.S. sees as a security threat. After trying to accommodate Huawei, it announced, under Prime Minister Boris Johnson, that it was ripping out older Huawei equipment from its networks.

 

 

Germany, for which China has become the No. 1 market for Volkswagens and BMW’s, remains committed to engagement and is deeply resistant to a new Cold War. It has kicked decisions about using Huawei and other Chinese-made networking equipment down the road, after threats from Chinese officials to retaliate with a ban on the sale of German luxury cars in China.

 

 

Italy became the first member of the G7 to sign up to Belt and Road in 2019. It then had to back away, in part, under pressure from NATO allies who feared that Italian infrastructure, including the telecommunications network, would be dependent on Chinese technology.

 

 

When China shipped face masks and ventilators to a desperate Italy during its Covid outbreak, an Italian official pointedly told his fellow Europeans that the country would remember who its friends were after the pandemic.

 

 

France did not join Belt and Road, though it has welcomed Chinese investment in the country and stopped short of banning Huawei from its wireless network. Relations with China cooled after President Emmanuel Macron criticized Beijing for its lack of transparency on the origins of the coronavirus.

 

 

“America would be well served if the European Union got its act together and defined a coherent China strategy,” said Wolfgang Ischinger, a former German ambassador to the United States. “Its interests are not well served if there is a German China strategy, a French China strategy and a British China strategy.”

 

 

That is easier said than done. Britain shifted closer to the United States under pressure from former President Donald J. Trump — less because it changed its view about the strategy or security risks posed by China than because, in the aftermath of Brexit, it feared being isolated from its most important ally.

 

 

Chancellor Angela Merkel, a steadfast believer in engagement with China, will leave office in a few months. But Germany’s policy may not change much, particularly if her successor as the leader of Christian Democratic Party, Armin Laschet, replaces her in the chancellery. He is viewed as being in lockstep with Ms. Merkel.

 

 

France is a different story. Mr. Macron faces a formidable challenge from the populist right in elections next year. The right-wing leader, Marine LePen, has vowed to stand up to China’s ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region.

 

 

“Whenever you have one of these meetings, you’re going to see fluidity in one country or the other,” said Simon Fraser, a former top civil servant in Britain’s Foreign Office. But, he added, “There’s a lack of cohesion on the European side that needs to be addressed.”

 

 

Italy is a good test case of how China has tried to build influence in Europe. Since joining Belt and Road, Rome has signed nearly two dozen deals with Beijing ranging from tax regulations to sanitary requirements on pork exports. But Italy also vetoed a 5G deal between Huawei and one of its telecommunications companies.

 

 

The centerpiece of China’s investment in Europe is a rail network that would connect its factories on the Pacific to London — a project that China’s premier, Li Keqiang, once described as an express lane to Europe. Italy, which has a terminus on the route, welcomes the investment as a tonic for its struggling economy.

 

 

But Britain’s relations with China have gone into a deep freeze. The government imposed sanctions over China’s treatment of its Uyghur population and offered residency and a path to citizenship to more than 300,000 holders of British overseas passports in Hong Kong, after China imposed a draconian national security law on the former British colony.

China’s human rights record, analysts say, is hardening European attitudes across the board. The European Parliament declined to ratify a landmark investment treaty, championed by Germany, because of China’s heavy-handed reaction to sanctions over its treatment of the Uyghurs. China sanctioned 10 European Union politicians.

 

 

There is also evidence that Mr. Biden recognizes that his aggressive language about China — as the great adversary in a fateful struggle between democracies and autocracies — is discomfiting to many Europeans. He has largely shunned that framing in the days leading up to his European tour, speaking more generally about the need to promote democracies in a competitive world.

 

 

For some analysts, that opens the door to a hopeful scenario in which the United States and Europe move toward one other, moderating the most extreme aspects of confrontation versus conciliation in each others’ approaches.

 

 

“America is becoming more realistic on China from the hard line, while Europe is becoming more realistic from the soft line,” said Robin Niblett, the director of Chatham House, a think tank in London.

 

 

Source: The NewYorkTimes

Empresas de Estados Unidos seguirán manteniéndose en China a pesar de las tensiones

Las empresas de Estados Unidos no saldrán del mercado chino, aunque un funcionario de la Casa Blanca advirtió sobre el final de compromisos con China, dijo Kenneth Jarrett, asesor principal de Albright Stonebridge Group en un artículo de Forbes.

 

Kurt Campbell, coordinador de políticas del Indo-Pacífico de la Casa Blanca, dijo que “el período que se describió ampliamente como compromisos” con China “ha llegado a su fin” en una discusión en línea el mes pasado.

 

Las empresas de EU, sin embargo, no saldrán de China y seguirán buscando cooperación, según Jarrett, quien también se desempeñó como presidente de la Cámara Estadounidense de Comercio en Shanghai.

 

“Es importante comprender que incluso dentro de una dinámica general de competencia, todavía hay espacio para la cooperación”, dijo Jarrett, y agregó que las empresas estadunidenses ven las interacciones comerciales entre Estados Unidos y China como una cooperación beneficiosa, lo cual no es probable que cambie.

 

“La mayoría de las empresas estadunidenses tienen éxito en China y ven ese éxito como un factor importante para su desempeño global”, dijo Jarrett. “No buscan salir del mercado de China”.

 

 

Fuente:  Milenio

Price rises likely due to UK shipping problems

The COVID-19 pandemic, along with Brexit, is hitting the UK import industry hard. Many UK-based importers are facing rapidly increasing costs that may persist even when the pandemic subsides.

 

Sky-rocketing Costs of Importing Freight Into the UK

 

Carriers have been charging a premium for all deliveries to the UK in order to lower the demand from British importers. This has significantly hiked up costs of delivering products into the country, with prices increasing up to 50% in some cases. Recently, it was reported that a shipping line charged $8,450 to send a 40ft container from China to the Netherlands while charging $12,050 to send the same container from China to the UK. The price was 50% higher just because the destination was the UK. In fact, imports to the UK from Asia have increased fourfold since last November. Currently, a 40ft container costs around $10,000 to ship from Asia to the UK, representing a record high. Moreover, importers across the UK have also been facing rising costs of shipping containers into the country in recent months. Unfortunately, experts predict that this may not be temporary, and UK importers may face the challenges of rising costs for months to come.

 

Covid-19 Coupled with Brexit Exacerbates Shipping Problems

 

The soaring costs of importing goods mean that customers may soon be forced to pay the price. Companies will not be able to stay in business due to increased overheads if they do not pass on some of the burdens onto the consumers. This may have a significant impact on consumer behavior, which, in turn, will force UK businesses to operate differently, which may cause even further challenges.

 

In addition, UK importers are facing congestion charges for goods imported into the ports of Felixstowe and Southampton due to delays that have been occurring since October. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide had to enforce lockdowns and restrictions to curb the spread of the virus. As these restrictions were lifted, the industry saw a surge in demand which resulted in bottlenecks at UK ports and severe delays. This was further aggravated by another surge of orders that occurred during the holiday season on top of businesses stocking up due to the uncertainty of Brexit’s impacts.

 

 

Source: Exports

En Argentina el gobierno prohíbe la exportación de carne durante un mes.

El presidente de Argentina, Alberto Fernández, prohibió la exportación de carne durante un mes. El anuncio, sorpresivo, fue realizado mediante una escueta nota en la noche del lunes e incendió el ánimo de los ganaderos. La idea del gobierno es frenar el aumento del precio de la carne vacuna, tótem alimentario nacional, y moderar la inflación, ya en el 47,2% interanual. Los productores afirman que el cese de exportaciones dañará gravemente al sector y mermará aún más el ingreso de divisas. Como primera medida de protesta, los ganaderos acordaron frenar la comercialización de carne durante una semana a partir del jueves.

 

 

La medida gubernamental surtió un efecto inmediato. En el Mercado de Hacienda de Liniers, corazón del sector cárnico, los precios por kilo bajaron de 111,4 pesos a 94,6 pesos en unas horas. Prohibir las exportaciones siempre funciona a corto plazo, porque se genera un excedente de oferta en el mercado interno. Otra cosa son las consecuencias a medio y largo plazo. No sólo se pierden clientes y la confianza de los compradores externos, sino que los productores tienden a reducir el número de cabezas de ganado por falta de rentabilidad. En 2006, cuando empezaron a aplicarse estas medidas contra la inflación, había en Argentina 62 millones de cabezas. Hoy, 15 años después, hay 50 millones.

 

 

“Como antes había gente que compraba camisas para exportarlas, ahora hay exportadores que compran carne y exportan. Todo eso genera una tensión en los precios que no se aguanta más. Tenemos que poner en orden a quienes exportan”, dijo el presidente Fernández. Según él, la presión compradora de China hacía aumentar los precios y éstos acababan prevaleciendo en el mercado interno.

 

 

Dos años atrás, el candidato presidencial Alberto Fernández había asegurado que la exportación era prioritaria y perfectamente compatible con la lucha contra la inflación. El presidente Alberto Fernández parece pensar ahora lo contrario. La directora general de Comercio Interior, Paula Español, muy conectada con la vicepresidenta Cristina Fernández de Kirchner y con su hijo Máximo, llevaba semanas advirtiendo de que no le “temblaría el pulso” a la hora de prohibir exportaciones para forzar los precios a la baja. Su postura prevaleció. Y fue aplaudida de inmediato por el sector más radical de la coalición en el gobierno. Juan Grabois, líder de Patria Grande y representante de los sectores sociales más excluidos, además de asesor del papa Francisco, se felicitó por la prohibición: “La Patria, primero”.

 

 

Pero parte del peronismo coincidió con los ganaderos en que la interrupción de exportaciones, justo cuando Argentina está más necesitada de dólares, era un disparo en el pie. Santa Fe es la provincia preponderante en el sector y su gobernador, el peronista Omar Perotti, lamentó la decisión. Guillermo Moreno, que fue secretario de Comercio Exterior con Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, profetizó que por esta vía Alberto Fernández iba a “acabar como Fernando de la Rúa”, el presidente que el 19 de diciembre de 2001 tuvo que huir en helicóptero de la Casa Rosada, dejando atrás un país en pleno colapso económico y social.

 

 

Está por ver si el Gobierno podrá resistir las protestas del sector agrario y sostener la anunciada prohibición durante un mes. En enero ya prohibió por 30 días la exportación de maíz y, tras reunirse con los productores, se echó atrás. Los ganaderos temen que si el Gobierno sigue adelante y prolonga la medida por más de un mes, como sucedió en 2006, se pierdan sin remedio mercados esenciales. Nunca se ha recuperado, por ejemplo, el mercado alemán, que se quedó sin bifes argentinos justo cuando Alemania acogía un Mundial de fútbol.

 

 

La carne constituye un segmento importante de las exportaciones argentinas. En 2020 supuso ingresos por 3.126 millones de dólares, frente a los 14.000 aportados por la exportación estelar, la soja. La carne de vacuno representa aproximadamente un 10% del comercio exterior de un país cada vez más cerrado en sí mismo y enroscado en torno al lema “vivir de lo nuestro”. Por otra parte, lo que se exporta es distinto a lo que se consume internamente. El principal cliente de la carne argentina es China, que compra con preferencia lo que los productores llaman “sobrante”: partes de muy baja calidad, destinadas al procesamiento industrial. También se venden en Europa las piezas más refinadas y caras. Lo que los argentinos llaman “asado” es un intermedio.

 

 

 

Fuente: El País

Russia becomes net exporter of food as import phase-out begins bearing fruit

Last year, international sales of Russian agricultural produce exceeded foreign purchases, according to Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin.

 

“The export volumes of the country’s agro-industrial complex totaled 271 billion rubles, topping the imports by some $1 billion,” the PM said during question-and-answer session with State Duma members.

 

He highlighted the crucial role played both by the imports phase-out and domestic enterprises in the process of implementing national infrastructure projects.

 

The state-backed program to phase out imports was launched in 2014, after relations between Russia and Western countries dramatically declined due to economic sanctions introduced by the US and the EU against Russia. Moscow responded with counter-sanctions, having phased out traditional American and European imports from the Russian market.

 

According to Mishustin, the share of domestically produced goods in the state purchase contracts increased from 49% to 57%, partly due to fixed quotas applied in favor of domestic produce.

 

Earlier this year, the Russian Ministry of Agriculture reported that Russia’s food exports hit a record high of $30.7 billion in 2020, compared to $25.6 billion in exports recorded in the previous year.

 

In 2020, Russia exported its agricultural produce to 150 countries. China became the top market for Russian food products, with imports worth more than $4 billion.

 

 

Source: Integrated Foreign Economic  Information Portal

La nueva administración de Biden y el T-MEC

La administración de Joe Biden llega a la primera reunión de la Comisión de Libre Comercio del Tratado entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá (T-MEC) con una apretada agenda de temas pendientes con México, que incluyen asuntos laborales, agrícolas y energéticos, así como un litigio sobre las cuotas de importación de lácteos con Canadá, entre otros.

 

La Representante Comercial de la Casa Blanca, Katherine Tai, será la anfitriona del encuentro virtual que reunirá por primera vez a tres mujeres a la cabeza, junto con la secretaria mexicana de Economía, Tatiana Clouthier y la ministra canadiense de pequeños negocios, promoción de exportaciones y comercial internacional, Mary Ng.

 

“Los ministros recibirán actualizaciones sobre el trabajo en marcha para avanzar la cooperación bajo el acuerdo y llevarán a cabo discusiones robustas sobre las principales obligaciones bajo el T-MEC, que fijarán un estándar para acuerdos comerciales futuros”, sostuvo la oficina comercial de EU (USTR, por sus siglas en inglés).

 

Temas álgidos

 

 

Tai se comprometió a ventilar durante el encuentro el primer caso presentado por Estados Unidos bajo el Mecanismo de Respuesta Rápida del T-MEC, para investigar violaciones laborales serias contra los derechos de asociación sindical y contratación colectiva de trabajadores mexicanos de una planta de General Motors en Silao.

 

A petición de senadores republicanos, la representante comercial de la Casa Blanca se comprometió asimismo a comentar el caso de la queja presentada por sindicatos estadounidenses contra la empresa Tridonex en Matamoros, a la que acusaron de negar el derecho de los trabajadores a organizarse sindicalmente, y negociar un contrato colectivo. Tai ha elogiado la cooperación con México en el caso de General Motors y ha dejado en claro que buscará colaborar con su contraparte mexicana para evitar una “carrera hacia el fondo” en materia de derechos laborales.

 

Quitarán “irritantes”

 

 

La reunión tripartita que se llevará a cabo entre hoy y mañana servirá como un espacio para trazar los objetivos a largo plazo de cada uno de los países de la región, así como para establecer un plan de trabajo e ir quitando de la mesa los “irritantes” que han surgido durante los últimos diez meses, señaló Kenneth Smith, negociador en Jefe del TLCAN, en entrevista con La Silla Roja.

 

“Esta reunión es para que se conozcan los secretarios, para que se discuta la visión que tienen del T-MEC a largo plazo (…), sobre cómo ven, no solo la parte técnica y los aspectos irritantes, sino también para (conocer) la visión que cada país tiene sobre la región de Norteamérica”, dijo a El Financiero-Bloomberg.

 

Smith resaltó que esta reunión se realizará en un momento idóneo, debido a que ya se estrenó el Mecanismo Laboral de Respuesta Rápida del T-MEC y comenzaron a discutirse otros temas álgidos, con ‘contraataque’ incluido por parte de México.

“No creo que haya sido coincidencia la carta del embajador Esteban Moctezuma denunciando al sector agrícola estadounidense, es un mensaje político que indica que el capítulo laboral aplica por igual para ambos países, hubiera sido más efectivo que México denunciara un caso específico, ya que tiene mayor contundencia”, explicó.

 

Como aspecto positivo, resaltó que a 10 meses de haber entrado en vigor el acuerdo, apenas se están vislumbrando los primeros casos.

 

 

“No es fácil armar un caso, y que pase ‘la prueba de la risa’, como solemos decir en el argot del comercio exterior, ya que los casos deben tener evidencia sustantiva de que cumplan con todos los requisitos y que pueda proceder hasta establecer un panel”, puntualizó el también socio de la firma Agon.

 

 

Fuente: El Financiero

European Union unveils plan to cut dependency on China, others

The European Union unveiled on Wednesday a plan to cut its dependency on Chinese and other foreign suppliers in six strategic areas like raw materials, pharmaceutical ingredients and semiconductors after the pandemic-induced economic slump.

 

The 27-nation bloc outlined the urgency of the task citing Europe’s reliance on China for about half of 137 products used in sensitive ecosystems, mainly raw materials and pharmaceuticals and other products key to the bloc’s green and digital goals.

 

The updated industrial strategy plan was devised after the COVID-19 pandemic showed bottlenecks in supply chain and the executive European Commission plans to conduct in-depth reviews of supply chains in raw materials, batteries, active pharmaceutical ingredients, hydrogen, semiconductors and cloud and edge technologies, to decide how to deal with them.

 

“Today’s updated Industrial Strategy is about making sure our industries are equipped to drive the digital and green transformations of our economy while ensuring the competitiveness of our industries, also in the context of the recovery from the coronavirus crisis,” European Commission Vice-President Margrethe Vestager told a news conference.

 

The EU measures could include “diversifying supply and demand relying on different trading partners whenever possible, but also stockpiling and acting autonomously whenever necessary”, the 19-page document said.

 

To reduce import dependency, EU countries could pool resources for Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEIs) in next-generation cloud, hydrogen, low-carbon industry, pharmaceuticals and a second IPCEI on cutting-edge semi-conductors.

 

An IPCEI would allow EU governments to pump in funding under easier state aid rules and for companies to work together on the entire range of the project, from design to production and downstream applications.

 

 

Source: TheEconomicTimes

México compite con menores costos que China en el comercio

México tiene menores costos que China en el comercio internacional, de acuerdo con un nuevo indicador difundido este viernes por la Organización Mundial de Comercio (OMC).

 

Indonesia registró el costo más bajo con un puntaje de 3.70, seguida por India (3.56), México (3.52) y China (3.00).

 

La nueva base de datos de la OMC analiza el impacto de los obstáculos reglamentarios y otros factores en los costos del comercio exterior.

 

 

Los obstáculos de política comercial, como los aranceles y las reglamentaciones, representan como mínimo 14% de los costos del comercio, según estimaciones del Índice de Costos del Comercio de la OMC.

 

El Índice mide el costo del comercio internacional frente al comercio nacional, y pone de manifiesto que los costos de exportación son más elevados para las mujeres, las empresas más pequeñas y los trabajadores no cualificados.

 

Utilizando estimaciones de los costos del comercio bilateral para 43 economías y 31 sectores entre 2000 y 2018, el Índice de costos del comercio de la OMC proporciona por primera vez un desglose detallado de los costos del comercio de bienes y servicios y qué grupos de productores y consumidores los soportan más.

 

Complementa otras estadísticas que proporciona la OMC sobre costos comerciales, como los aranceles promedio o el número de medidas no arancelarias, y da una idea del peso de estas medidas en relación con otros factores, como los costos de transporte y viaje, los costos de información y de transacción, conectividad de las TIC y calidad de la gobernanza.

 

Entre los países con menores costos, quedaron en las siguientes posiciones:

 

  1. Irlanda (2.85)

  2. Reino Unido (2.80)

  3. Alemania (2.73)

  4. Países Bajos (2.69)

  5. Bélgica (2.64)

  6. Francia (2.58)

 

Según este índice, las barreras de política comercial y las diferencias regulatorias, que incluyen barreras arancelarias y no arancelarias, constituyen el componente más grande de los costos comerciales cuando las economías de bajos ingresos comercian entre sí.

 

Para la OMC, los datos llaman la atención sobre el gran potencial de reformas de políticas para impulsar el comercio entre países en desarrollo.

 

Los costos de transporte y viaje comprenden la mayor parte de los costos comerciales cuando las economías de ingresos altos realizan transacciones entre sí o con economías de ingresos más bajos.

 

El índice ilustra la evolución de los costos comerciales a lo largo del tiempo, y encuentra que los costos comerciales globales han disminuido 15% entre 2008 y 2018.

 

Por el lado de las exportaciones, las caídas más pronunciadas se observaron en los nuevos estados miembros de la Unión Europea: Letonia, Croacia, Bulgaria, Chipre y Eslovenia.

 

Sin embargo, los costos comerciales generales son más altos para las mujeres, las pequeñas y medianas empresas y los trabajadores no calificados.

 

Esto se explica en parte por la concentración de estos grupos en determinados sectores, como los servicios.

 

El índice encuentra que los costos comerciales de los servicios son más altos que los costos comerciales de los productos agrícolas, mientras que los costos comerciales de los productos manufacturados son los más bajos.

 

Las actualizaciones adicionales del índice buscarán capturar el costo de la incertidumbre en el mercado global, incluida la pandemia de Covid-19, y explorarán formas de producir estimaciones oportunas de los costos comerciales para tener en cuenta la actualización en tiempo real de las medidas comerciales.

 

 

Fuente: El Economista